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(8) one 在前后比较中代替泛指的单数可数名词。
例：I prefer a flat in Beijing to one in Nanjing, because I want to live near
my Mom's. 与南京相比我更喜欢在北京有一套公寓，因为我想跟我妈妈住一起。
(9) those 在前后比较中代替 特指的复数可数名词。
例：Salaries are higher here than those in my country.
这儿的工资比我们国家的高。
(10) ones 在前后比较中代替泛指的复数可数名词
例：Cars do cause us some health problems --- in fact far more serious ones
than mobile phones do.汽车确实给我们的身体健康带来问题，事实上比手机造成的问题更严重。
18、感叹句型：
(1) What a + Adj + N + S + V!
例：What an important thing it is to keep our promise!
信守我们的诺言是多么的重要啊！
(2) How + Adj + a + N + V!（多么...！）
例：How important a thing it is to keep our promise!
遵守诺言是多么重要的事！
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(3) How + S + V!
例句：How I want to go to Beijing. 我多么想去北京啊！
19、表法猜测的句型：
(1) must have done sth 一定做过某事 否定形式：can't have done
例：She must have come here last night. 她一定是昨晚来的。
She can't have gone there 她不可能到那儿去。
(2) may have done sth 可能做过某事 否定形式：may not have done
例：Philip may have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip 可能在这次车祸中伤得很严重。
(3) might have done sth 或许做过某事 否定形式: might not have done
例：She might have known what the bottle contained.
她或许知道这个瓶子里装的是什么。
(4) should have done sth 估计已经做了某事
否定形式：should not have done
例：She should have arrived in her office by now.
她此刻估计已经到达办公室了。
20、动词不定式常用句型：
(1) It takes / took / will take sb. some time / money to do sth.
某人花/花了/将花多长时间/多少钱做某事.
例句：It took me years of hard work to speak good English.
为了讲一口流利的英语,我花了多年时间刻苦操练.
(2) It is + adj +for/of sb to do sth
例：Lincoln said that it was not right for the South to break away from the
Union. 林肯说南方脱离联邦是不对的。
It was careless of Tom to break the cup.
(3) Sb. have / has / had no choice but to do... 某人除了做……别无选择.
例句：We had no choice but to take a taxi for we'd missed the last bus.
由于错过了最后一班公共汽车,除了乘坐的士,我们别无选择.
(4) It's not /just like sb. to do sth.……的行为不/正像某人的一贯作风.
例：lt's not like Jim to be late for class. He regards time as the most
important thing in life.
上课迟到不像吉姆的一贯作风,他把时间看作是生命中最重要的.
(5) ．．．．形容词／副词＋enough to do sth．
例：I was fortunate enough to travel to South Africa.．
(6) It pays to + V ~~~ （...是值得的。）
例句：It pays to help others. 帮助别人是值得的。
(7) It cost sb some time/money to do sth
例：It must cost a good deal to live here.住这儿一定会花很多钱的。
(8) do all he could to do sth
do what he could to do sth
do everything he could to do sth
例：They were doing everything they could to help the fatherland.
他们在尽最大努力去帮助祖国。
(9) It is hard to imagine/ say … 很难想象/说……
例：It is hard to imagine how Edison managed to work twenty hours each
day. 很难想象爱迪生每天是怎样工作20小时的。
It's hard to say whether the plan is practical.
这个计划是否实际很难说。
21、动名词常用句型：
(1) ...have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth.
(有困难做某事)
例：People from the two countries do not have any difficulty in
understanding each other.
来自那两个国家的人们在相互理解上是没有困难的。
(2) upon/on doing sth, 一……就……
例：Upon / On hearing the unexpected news, he was so surprised that he
couldn't say a word.
一听到这个出乎意料的消息，他惊讶到说不出话来。
(3) There is no/some difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
例：There is no difficulty in solving this social problem.
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